The Slavery Of The Slave Trade - 1104 Words

The Atlantic Slave Trade was about importing and exporting of commodities such as sugar, cotton and humans beings (slaves) which would be considered the most valuable product. A slave is defined as a person being held in servitude as the chattel (property) of another; one that is completely subservient to a dominating influence.† (Merriam-Webster) According to Paul Lovejoy â€Å"slavery was one form of exploitation. Its special characteristics included the idea that slaves were property; that they were outsiders who were alien by origin, or who had been denied their heritage through judicial or other sanctions;†¦.† This â€Å"slavery† commerce became a position of wealth in the African countries among its leaders, and spread throughout Europe†¦show more content†¦People were considered as wealth and security because they labored to produce food and other goods. It was the norm for the eldest man in the founding family to be the leader and that le ader used his leadership ability to distribute resources and make the important decisions as well as commanding respect. A strong leader had people who were loyal to them. A wealthy person was also a leader, but with the ability to organize labor in order to clear out and farm the land. Polygyny was also an accepted practice in the African culture which assisted in the production of labor power. Therefore African societies were not slave societies because wealth in people was the norm in African lifestyles. Rules of slavery were more dehumanizing in the American slavery methods. African slaves held positions in administration, served in the military, sometimes positions of command, personal servants and agricultural laborers. War was a vehicle to increase slaves by taking them Captive (outsiders). War was made by African rulers and was always a way to increase wealth. Waged war by African leaders was specifically for humans. The more humans, the more power, the more wealth accumulation. They sold people who were already Captives of war. Slaves held by the owner (European or African) and not immediately sold could be used to obtain additional resources that would â€Å"strengthen the king and his administration.† West Africa traded the largest majority of slaves. TheShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Slave Trade1436 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery has been documented and has been part of the world for a very extensive time. Slaves as well-defined by numerous of individual’s state that slaves were a group of individuals who were legally bought and soon after, became the property of an owner and were forced to obey. No one knows when slavery actually came about, but we do know that it existed. So this being said, today I will be talking about the slave trade, comparing the differences of being an African slave and American slave, asRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe slave trade, which was once a legal part of the American constitution, has for many years become a form of piracy because it takes away the basic human rights of any person. The Atlantic slave trade was originated in West Africa and became a systematic institution in American and European economies. This plague brought about an inevitable existence of the nations greatest political conflict. The slave trade evoked heartbreak, and a horror to society as the nation became split over puritan valuesRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1328 Words   |  6 Pagesamounts of workers for cultivation infrastructure. For this reason, American settlers began the transatlantic slave trade trade. Christianity played an important role in advocating for the morality of the slave trade (Ri chard). In order to drive the slave industry, pastors across America used the traditions and stories found in the Bible to endorse and even encourage the practice of slavery. At this time, America was seeing ever dividing sects of protestantism. There were countless institutions anywhereRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe phenomenon of new world slavery was a well-run business and the slaves were the product. Slavery was one of the few industries in history where assets exceeded liability and owner’s equity, which is an unusual occurrence considering the equation is normally that assets equal liability and owner’s equity. Throughout this essay, the rise of slavery and the slave trade will be explained and slavery will be illustrated as the product of a domino effect. Slavery was a process and it took many peopleRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe word slave is well-defined as an individual detained in se rvitude as the chattel of another, or one that is wholly impassive to a ruling power (American Heritage dictionary of the English language, 2011). The most renowned circumstances of slavery materialized throughout the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was acceptable within United States of America the Slavery protestors endeavoured to end slavery, which at some point; they were effective atRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1295 Words   |  6 Pagesyou a few examples of how Atlantic slave trade came to be. What would be significant about it is that the laws, and rules that existed for the slave trade, were slightly confusing. Example not everyone knew or would agree to slave trade, the vast argument was whether slavery was a necessity or not and who would be considered a slave. Some say that without slaves, they would not get the proper work done such as field work is an example. Also others argued that slavery was not needed. As a result of theRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of the domestic slave trade because of the need for slaves in the tobacco planting lands. Many landowners and planters looked towards the Chesapeake area to seek for slaves. Many slave owners started looking towards that region because the International Slave Trade had been blockaded off. The domestic slave trade began something different; where African Americans were moved to a new location either through being sold or being transferred. Because of the desperate need of slaves in order to earnRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Trade1987 Words   |  8 Pagesbe complete without the mention of the interstate slave trade. This is most applicable when we talk about one aspect of the slave trade that often gets overlooked, the Atlantic Slave Trade. When mentioning the Atlantic Slave Trade, it is the fact that southerners considered reopening the trade after its dissolution in the beginning of the nine teenth century. Interestingly enough, there were movements by southerners to reopen the Atlantic Slave Trade that were in the name of southern expansion. OneRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade2968 Words   |  12 Pageshistory of slavery is long, documented, captured in photos and personal narratives of slaves and slave owners. There are many accounts of how slavery started, the horrific stories of transporting slaves and what they were used for throughout history. To start at the beginning you have to start with how slaves were placed in different countries and continents where they were not born. Most know about the Atlantic slave trade that effected North America, South America and the Caribbean. Slavery existedRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade1889 Words   |  8 PagesFor over 2,000 years, slavery has been conducted in various parts of the world. From year 1500 to year 1900, Europeans stole individuals from West Africa, West Central Africa, and Southeast Africa and shipped them to the different parts of the Atlantic. This process dehumanized them of their identity. Europeans stole husbands, wives, merchants, blacksmiths, farmers, and even children. They removed them from their homelands and gave them new names: slaves. European slaveholders never thought to take

Race Class Gender 456 Final Exam - 1311 Words

L.ADKINS RCG 456 FINAL EXAM L. Adkins Race Class Gender 456 Final Exam Laura Adkins DSU Student L. Adkins Race Class Gender 456 Final Exam 1. Elaborate Noel’s theory on the contact situation of race relations (20 pts). Sociologist Donald Noel’s hypotheses state, â€Å"If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result (Healey O Brien, 2015, p. 104). In this hypothesis, the contact situation is the initial contact of the groups and results in a dominant and minority group. Ethnocentrism is defined by our tendency to judge other groups or cultures based upon our own standards establishing†¦show more content†¦Ethnocentrism is human nature- everyone needs to feel superior in some regard. In the initial contact, the African Americans were outnumbered, out resourced and were complete cultural opposites. To boot, they looked and talked differently. Also, for centuries Europeans had previous contact with Africa and racism had already been established. So when the African Americans arrived, the European Americans had an established minority group who were considered inferior and lazy but could supply a commodity they needed, in particular, cheap labor. The actual competition between the European Americans and the African Americans had a predetermined outcome because the European Americans already controlled the resources. This didn’t mean the African Americans did not want these resources; the â€Å"playing field† was just stacked against them before they had a chance to compete, ensuring the European Americans retention of power and thus financial gain. 3. Explain how racism was established and perpetuated to justify the exploitation of African Americans as a minority group (40 pts). In proving the existence of all 3 elements of Noel’s hypothesis using a monetary gauge, we have established the dominant and minority groups as well as the existence of racism. Using these same identifiers we can also prove the perpetuation ofShow MoreRelatedPsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 PagesPSY4100 Addictions Summer 2012 Final Exam Study Guide NOTE: Your final exam will consist of 100 questions selected from the following, as well as selected questions from in-class tests on Food Addiction and on The Joyful Mind; correct answers to those tests have already been posted to the doc sharing portion of the Ecompanion Website. You can use the answers to check the answers you gave on your chapter study tests. Your final exam is on Wednesday, September 12, 2012; You will have from 8:15AM toRead Morenot available3379 Words   |  14 Pages Final Exam Multiple Choice Review Questions (15%) CHAPTER 9 1. 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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction: The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ( ESR ) . besides branded as deposit rate or Biernacki Reaction. is the rate at which ruddy blood cells deposit in a clip of 1 hr. To put to death the trial. anti-coagulated blood is positioned in an vertical tubing. known as a Westergren tubing. and the rate at which the ruddy blood cells autumn is calculated and accounted in millimetres per hr ( mm/h ) . The erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) is seldom the lone grounds to infection in symptomless individuals and is non a positive choice trial. Erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) has been functional for diagnosing of prosthetic hip and articulatio genus infection. Result illustrated that ESR value ranges in such a manner that norm of female was found as 7. 96 % mm/ hour and that of male were to be 5. 96 % mm/hr. The erythrocyte deposit rate was strongly interrelated with age. haemoglobin degree. smoke position. entire cholesterin degree and systolic blood force per unit area. -From the Desk Of Rabia Sehar Aim:To find ESR fluctuations — in male and female.Introduction: The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ( ESR ) . besides branded as deposit rate or Biernacki Reaction. is the rate at which ruddy blood cells deposit in a clip of 1 hr. It is an ordinary haematology trial that is a distrait evaluate of redness. To put to death the trial. anti-coagulated blood is positioned in an vertical tubing. known as a Westergren tubing. and the rate at which the ruddy blood cells autumn is calculated and accounted in millimetres per hr ( mm/h ) . This trial was originated in 1897 by the Polish physician Edmund Biernacki. In 1918. the Swedish diagnostician Robert SannoFahr?us asserted the equivalent and beside with Alf VilhelmAlbertsson Westergren is eponymously considered for the Fahr?us-Westergren trial ( abbreviated as FW trial ; in the UK. by and large termed Westergren trial ) which uses Na citrate-coagulated specimens. Westergren method’s normal values are such that for work forces 3mm/hr and adult females 7mm/hr [ 1 ] . Normal ESR values with Sodium citrate as an decoagulant by Westergren Method [ 1 ] | | | Adults| | | Children | | Men | | Women | | Newborn | Newborn to puberty | lt ; 50 old ages | gt ; 50 old ages | lt ; 50 old ages | gt ; 50 old ages | 0 to 2 mm/hr | 3 to 13 mm/hr | lt ; 15 mm/hr | lt ; 20 mm/hr | lt ; 20 mm/hr | lt ; 30 mm/hr | | | DEPENDING Factors: Any circumstance that raises factor I ( e. g. . gestation. diabetes mellitus. end-stage nephritic failure. bosom disease. collagen vascular diseases. malignance ) perchance will besides raise up the ESR. Anemia and macrocytosis besides increase the ESR. In anaemia. by agencies of the haematocrit decreased. the speed of the upward current of plasma is modified so that ruddy blood cell aggregates fall faster. Macrocytic ruddy cells with a smaller surface-to-volume ratio besides settle more quickly. A lessened ESR is related with a figure of blood diseases in which ruddy blood cells have an asymmetrical or minor figure that causes slower settling. In patients of polycythemia. excessively many ruddy blood cells cut down the soundness of the rouleau web and artifactually poorer the ESR. A enormous rise of the white blood cell count as observed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has besides been reported to take down the ESR. Hypofibrinogenemia. hypergammaglobulinemia connected with dysprote inemia. and hyperviscosity might every one cause a stained lessening in the ESR. Although it has been narrative that drug therapy with acetylsalicylic acid or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may diminish the ESR. this has been clashed. Because the ESR resoluteness is recurrently carried out in office research labs. cautious attending to proficient factors that may make blemished rules is of import. A atilt ESR tubing will do an artefactual lift. whereas scarce anticoagulation with curdling of the blood sample will utilize factor I and may artifactually poorer the ESR [ 2 ] . Variation: The erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) is seldom the lone grounds to infection in symptomless individuals and is non a positive choice trial. When the rate is increased. a careful history and physical scrutiny will usually uncover the cause. A cryptic addition in the ESR is normally fugitive and seldom suited to somber disease. The trial is chiefly helpful in naming temporal arteritis and oversing the patient’s rejoinder to bring around. The trial has little diagnostic value in arthritic arthritis but may be helpful in supervising disease motion when clinical findings are oblique. The ESR is over and over once more normal in patients with malignant neoplastic disease. infection. and connective tissue disease and is hence of small usage in sole of these diseases in patients with fuzzed unwellness [ 3 ] . Although the surveillance that erythrocyte deposit rate doubtless envisaged coronary bosom disease mortality by multivariate Cox-regression analysis. the present survey has a figure of major restrictions. Despite the fact that associations with age. haemoglobin. smoke position. entire cholesterin and Systolic blood force per unit area were regulated. no baseline measurings were made of serum factor I. albumen. or Igs. Beside by agencies of hematocrit. these proteins play a dominant function in decisive the erythrocyte deposit rate. In peculiar. betterment for factor I would hold been advantageous since this stage reactant compares strongly with the development of coronary bosom disease and clearly plays a cardinal function in the thrombotic procedure [ 4 ] . Erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) has been functional for diagnosing of prosthetic hip and articulatio genus infection. But small information is available on ESR in patients undergoing reconsideration or resection of shoulder arthroplasties or spine implants [ 5 ] . The erythrocyte deposit rate was strongly interrelated with age. haemoglobin degree. smoke position. entire cholesterin degree and systolic blood force per unit area. After seting for all these associations in multivariate Cox arrested development analyses. the erythrocyte deposit rate materialized as a strong short- and long-run forecaster of coronary bosom disease mortality. peculiarly in work forces who had developed angina pectoris and/or had a positive exercising ECG trial at the 2nd study. Increases in non-coronary bosom disease deceases and in non-fatal myocardial infarctions were merely seen in the upper erythrocyte deposit rate scope [ 12 ] . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 2ml of blood samples were gathered by vein puncture from each of 10 females and 10 males apart from tobacco users under sterile judicial admissions at LUMHS Jamshoro. 1. 6 milliliter of blood from each sample was assorted with 0. 4ml of Na citrate ( anticoagulant ) . so every sample was sucked in Westergen Tube up to zero markups and was secured in base these samples in base were left dispensed for one hr after one hr reading were noted down from the nothing taging up to intersection between clear plasma and ruddy cellular part. DATA Analysis: Second: no| MALE| FEMALE|1| 5. 4| 9|2| 6. 1| 7. 8|3| 5| 6|4| 7. 3| 8. 1|5| 6| 7|6| 4. 9| 7. 1|7| 5| 9|8| 7. 1| 8. 5|9| 6| 8|10| 6. 8| 9. 1|AVERAGE| 5. 96| 7. 96|STDEV| 0. 842852| 0. 964572|TTEST| 0. 031731| | Consequence: Consequence illustrated that ESR value ranges in such a manner that norm of female was found as 7. 96 % mm/ hour and that of male were to be 5. 96 % mm/hr. Discussion: The ESR is governed by the equilibrium between pro-sedimentation grounds. chiefly factor I. and those factors opposing deposit. viz. the negative charge of the red blood cells ( zeta potency ) . When an inflammatory procedure is at that place. the high proportion of factor I in the blood causes red blood cells to bond to each other. The ruddy cells signifier tonss called ‘rouleaux. ’ which settle faster. Rouleaux formation can besides happen in association with some lymphoproliferative upsets in which one or more Igs are secreted in high sums [ 13 ] . Before puberty the mean value of hemoglobin value in both genders is about similar but after pubescence there is a difference in the degree of haemoglobin because after puberty both females and males but the measure in males release Testosterone is much more than females [ 15 ] . It has been shown that testosterone affects the secernment of erythropoietin by kidneys which is responsible for the formation of RBCs which in bend causes high degree of Hemoglobin [ 14. ] In expiration. ESR values are elevated in articulatio genus arthroplasty and spinal column implant patients than in hip arthroplasty patients by agencies of infection. and demo the lowest sensitiveness for diagnosing of shoulder arthroplasty infection. still using cutoffs optimized utilizing having runing curve analysis [ 5 ] . The ESR is often normal in patients with malignant neoplastic disease. infection. and connective tissue disease and is accordingly of small usage in excepting these diseases in patients with obscure ailments [ 3 ] . Mentions: 1. Shruti Kumta. Gireesh Nayak. Pratapchandra Kedilaya. Manjula Shantaram ; A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE ( ESR ) USING SODIUM CITRATE AND EDTA ; International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences ; Volume 1 ; Issue 4 ; OCT-DEC-2011 ; 393-396. 2. MALCOLM L. BRIGDEN ; Clinical Utility of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ; American Family Physician Journal ; 1999 Oct 1 ; 60 ( 5 ) :1443-1450. 3. Sox HC Jr. Liang MH ; The erythrocyte deposit rate ; Annals of Internal Medicine ; 1986. 104 ( 4 ) ; 515-523. 4. P. J. GRANT ; Erythrocyte deposit rate: is it a utile hazard marker for coronary bosom disease ; European Heart Journal ( 2000 ) 21 ; 1567–1569. 5. Kerryl E. Piper. Marta Fernandez-Sampedro. Kathryn E. Steckelberg. Jayawant N. Mandrekar. Melissa J. Karau. James M. Steckelberg ; C-Reactive Protein. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Orthopedic Implant Infection ; doi:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0009358. t001. 6. Wolfe F. Michaud K. The clinical and research significance of the erythrocyte deposit rate. J Rheumatol. 1994 ; 21:1227–37. 7. Stuart J. Whicher JT. Trials for observing and supervising the acute stage response. Arch Dis Child. 1988 ; 63:115–7. 8. Miettinen AK. Heinonen PK. Laippala P. Paavonen J. Test public presentation of erythrocyte deposit rate and C-reactive protein in measuring the badness of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 ; 169:1143–9. 9. Katz PR. Karuza J. Gutman SI. Bartholomew W. Richman G. A comparing between erythrocyte deposit rate ( ESR ) and selected acute-phaseproteins in the aged. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990 ; 94:637–40. 10. Wise CM. Agudelo CA. Chmelewski WL. McKnight KM. Temporal arteritis with low erythrocyte deposit rate: a reappraisal of five instances. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 ; 34:1571–4. 11. Fauchald P. Rygvold O. Oystese B. Temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: clinical and biopsy findings. Ann Intern Med. 1972 ; 77:845–52. 12. G Erikssen. K Liestol. J. V Bjornholt. H Stormorken. E Thaulow and J Erikssen ; Erythrocyte deposit rate ; Eur Heart J ( 2000 ) 21 ( 19 ) : 1614-1620. Department of the Interior: 10. 1053. euhj. 2000. 2148. 13. Wikipedia. org 14. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION – NORMAL RATE OF HEMOGLOBIN.15. MN CHATERJEE. RANA SHINDE ; MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY ; CHEMISTRY OF HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMOPATHIES ; VOLUME 8TH ; ( 150 ) 149:160 ; 2012

Outsourcings Benefits and Negative Aspects

Introduction With increased competition in today’s business world, organizations are compelled to adopt new strategies that will distinguish them from the rest. Change within organizations is therefore a very common occurrence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits and Negative Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Wood (1), organizations are made to undergo numerous changes to address the issue of competition. These may include redesigning structures within the organization, venturing into new grounds, introducing new technologies and products etc. A new idea that is now central to operations of many organizations in the United States is outsourcing. In outsourcing, a company or an organization subcontracts part of its operations to a third party agent. A definition given by Elmuti (1), regards outsourcing as an approach where an organization delegates major but usu ally non-core operations to specialized service of providers. These are functions that an organization is not good at and are thus given to others who are better (Kumar Eickhoff 246). Though favored by many businesses in America, it is surrounded by so much controversy and many Americans are convinced that organizations involved in outsourcing are denying them an opportunity to earn. In this paper, I will discuss the benefits and negative aspects of outsourcing, effects on organizational behavior and finally, what can be done to facilitate an easy transition for all stakeholders. Benefits and Negative Aspects of Outsourcing Outsourcing or offshoring as it is sometimes referred to, can be beneficial to an organization in a number of ways. Wood (1) argues that besides making it easier for executives to make decisions much faster, outsourcing also opens a new a venue for income to the organization. Another key benefit of offshoring is the significant reduction in labor costs. There ha ve been repeated allegations by offshore vendors that it costs one five times less per hour to have an IT job done in Bangalore, India or even in Beijing, China than it will cost to have the same job done in the United States (Overby 1). Obviously, this is not acceptable to everyone. While businesses will celebrate decreased production costs, the ordinary citizen will perceive this as a negative development for the American economy. A job seeker for example, will be concerned about the fact that jobs have to be transferred out of the country leading to an increase in the level of unemployment locally. On the other hand, others are afraid that the outsourced companies my not be experienced enough to do the job and this may lead to compromised product quality.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overby (1), however, challenges claims by these offshore vendors. Although he agrees t hat one can save substantially by outsourcing, his argument is that it is not possible for anyone to save as much as 80 percent as in the above scenario by outsourcing. He demonstrates this by citing United Technologies, a leader in the development of offshoring best practices that is able to save slightly over 20 percent outsourcing to India. Elmuti (1) shows that if successfully put into action, offshoring can result in other benefits such as improved capability and quality of products, increased production capacity and the organization also gains muscles to face competitors, among others. However, an organization will not have much control on the way that some services will be carried out. If the outsourced company fails to deliver as agreed, the organization will be negatively affected as the customer may not be very pleased (Elmuti 1). Another dilemma that comes with outsourcing has to do with employees. Out of fear that they will lose current positions, or that they will be fo rced to acquire new skills, employees will become a stumbling block to the transfer of important knowledge (Wood 1). With this in mind, it is very critical for organizations plan for proper transition. According to Overby, hidden costs of offshoring include; costs for vendor selection, transition, layoffs and managing outsourced contracts. The actual costs and estimated costs in these undertakings will greatly differ (1-7). Effects of Outsourcing on Organizational Behaviour Offshoring drastically changes the dynamics within an organization. First of all, employees become less motivated and eventually, this affects their levels of output. Morale among workers is destroyed and the last thing they want to hear mentioned is outsourcing. In my own opinion, this is a problem that cannot be cured by money. Staff may be required to skill up so as to meet demands of the new organizational structure. Organizations may start lay-offs and this is certainly an expensive engagement. Planning a Su ccessful Transition According to Wood (1), the number one factor that hinders progress is the lack of interest. Management must therefore do all that is necessary to see to it that employees are in agreement with whatever decisions are being made. Workers should be convinced beyond doubt that everything is being done to their advantage. Wood (1) lists some important success factors that should be followed by any organization that wishes to venture into outsourcing. Wood points out that all employees must be recognized as stakeholders in the organization. The knowledge they possess is very critical to the success of the organization (1). Another recommendation is to ensure that every head of department develops a plan of communicating with employees in their respective departments from the early stages of implementation (Wood 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits and Negative Aspects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More It is also vital to consider how organizational objectives differ and thus conflict with the interests of employees. Wood further argues that there must be adequate transfer of employee knowledge and an effective plan for continuous change must be in place (1). Other strategies include having clear objectives and making the right choice of outsourcing partners. All these are meant to facilitate a smooth transition with less resentment from employees. Given that we are currently living in a very aggressive environment, it is my opinion that organizations must be willing to adapt to change so as to survive the stiff competition. Change is inevitable and flexibility is a valuable attribute for any organization or person seeking to excel. Works Cited Elmuti, Dean. The Perceived Impact of Outsourcing on Organizational Performance. American Journal of Business Vol. 18 No. 2. (2003). Kumar, Sameer Eickhoff, Jason H. Outsourcing: When and how should it be do ne? Information Knowledge Systems Management 5 (2005/2006) 245–259. Overby, Stephanie. The Hidden Costs of Offshore Outsourcing. Framingham: CXO Media, Inc. 2003. Web. https://www.cio.com/article/2442089/offshoring-the-hidden-costs-of-offshore-outsourcing.html Wood, Ronald. Managing the Transformation. New York: Axiom Consulting, LLC. 2009. Web. This essay on Outsourcing’s Benefits and Negative Aspects was written and submitted by user Rylee Lopez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Save the Music Programs

Save the Music Programs Free Online Research Papers Schools across the nation are tightening their school budgets, making them cut certain programs. However, when these budget cuts come along, one of the first things that is cut is the music program to enable the school district to make room for â€Å"necessary† classes. But why cut the music program when it has been shown that music helps develop better social skills, leadership qualities, and improve academics? All over the country, school districts are facing tight budgets that are causing the districts to cut non-academic programs. These non-academic programs that are being cut are mainly the music programs in public schools across the nation. According to studies by the Gallup industry, â€Å"Budget cuts and shifting priorities have placed the music programs in more danger than ever. Already, up to 28 million American students do not receive an adequate music education, and cuts in education funding are either pending or have been enacted in more than half the states nationwide† (Salvestrini). School districts are looking at what subjects they consider to be â€Å"core subjects,† and in most school districts the music program is not fitting their definition, which is why the music program is one of the first subjects to be cut. The school districts are looking to build more classrooms for science and math courses, as well as decrease class sizes. In order to do this without having to add on to the school building, the school districts look for what they find to be a beneficial class. Therefore, the music education program is an area where the school district can achieve their goals by cutting that progr am out. Studies have shown that the music education program is very beneficial to students. This is why schools across the nation should save the music, so the future students have the opportunity to be involved, improvement in the students’ academics, students having more self-discipline, and the development of the students’ social skills. Because of these benefits, organizations outside of the school are trying to save the music, such as, VH1 and supportmusic.com. These budget cuts are not only affecting the students of today, but they also have a huge effect on the future students who may not even have the option of participating in a music program. In one of the recent National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports, â€Å"only 25 percent of eighth graders nationwide had the opportunity to take a music class† (Music). Now these budget cuts are not allowing the school district to decide, but the voters have the say in what goes on in the school district by way of their tax money. Elizabeth Nesoff, an author for the Christian Science Monitor, wrote an article about the budget falling in the August 2003 edition. She goes into greater depth, than the article about music education by implying that, â€Å"A lack of cohesive community concern for education and a greater focus on individual interests as part of the problem, namely that people without children are not always interested in funding school programs. It’s g etting much more difficult to convince people that music†¦ for some people is as important as tax relief for a lot of people†(Nesoff). Parents that have children in the music program should do what it takes to keep the program going, so that the future students can have the same opportunity. â€Å"Music education programs get cut because decent people are trying to make tough decisions in hard times. If people want ongoing music education in school, they have to let the policymakers know how much music education programs contribute to their kids every day of the school year† (Nesoff). These budget cuts have a big impact on the educational opportunities of the children of today and the children of tomorrow. â€Å"You can’t cut music without cutting something important out of our kids’ lives. It doesn’t take a brain surgeon to see that where there’s no quality of education, there’s probably not a music program† (Nesoff) . Therefore, the district shouldn’t cut the music program for the students today or tomorrow. Being an active participant in a music program helps students greatly with their academic studies. Nesoff implies that â€Å"Without music education, many fear a bleak future for children. The real issue is that we will have a society that is impoverished, that doesn’t have the cultural roots or the educational and discipline benefits that come from music education†(Nesoff). This quote states that without music education our society may lack academic improvement. Even the fundamentals of music have been proven to improve a child’s knowledge. An article called â€Å"Fun with Languages Responds to the Need for Music Education at Home and In the Classroom† backs up what Nesoff had to say by stating the fundamentals that music may improve in the students’ skills in our society. â€Å"Music helps children to learn math. When children learn rhythm, they are learning ratios, fractions, and proportions† (Fun). The music program not only improves the students’ math skills, but also their verbal skills. Students can learn from different foreign languages and cultural difference by the variety of music piece the instructor chooses. These skills help out on the verbal part of academics. Along with improving a child’s knowledge and understanding of their school subjects, members of the music program that have taken the SAT or ACT have scored higher than those students not in a music program. According to supportmusic.com, a public service to help out the music education implies that, â€Å"Students with coursework/experience in music performance and music appreciation scored higher on the SAT: students in music performance scored 57 points higher on the verbal and 41 points higher on the math, and students in music appreciation scored 63 points higher on the verbal and 44 points higher on the math, than did students with no arts participation† (Support Music). This quote shows that students who are pa rt of a music program have a big advantage over those students who do not participate in the music program, mostly in the Math and English classes. The long-term benefits of these advantages is that the participate can carry these math and reading skills with them in the future, because it is important to know how to read and do math skills in life, such as the work place, finances, and everyday life situations. Along with having an advantage in classes, students that are a part of the music program tend to be more disciplined. An article by VH1 Save the Music states, â€Å"Researchers have found that children involved with music education are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, and are less likely to be involved with gangs and substance abuse†(VH1). Not only do students in the music program stay in school, graduate, and stay out of trouble, but skills that are learned through the music program do not just apply to school, but when they are older and out of school. Salvestrini backs up VH1 by stating, â€Å"The new findings come on the heels of a decade of scientific research linking active participation in music with improved mental capacity in young children, students, and the elderly†(Salvestrini). This shows that students in the music program tend to more disciplined at that time and in their future. Students in the music program tend to be mor e disciplined, because the program teaches the students time management by being on time for practices and rehearsals. Some music students also play to relieve stress, which is better then doing some harmful act. The music program promotes better standards, because it allows the participates to stay actively involved in an activity and shows that they can be dedicated to one thing, therefore staying out of other harmful things, such as gangs. Along with self-discipline students can gain important social skills. In an article called â€Å"Inclusion in the Community,† Sonia Blandford states, â€Å"An inclusive approach to community music outside the classroom develops both technical and social skills of participating students† (Blandford). As a part of the music program students have to communicate with each other and form common bonds with other members of the music program, which allows groups of friends to develop. Within a group, students have to learn the social skill of leadership by taking a role and improving the groups’ ability. Also within a group, students learn the skill of problem solving, by giving each other feedback and making group decisions together. An academic article called â€Å"Role of Music Therapy in Social Skills Development in Children with Moderate Intellectual Disability† goes into greater depth than Blanford by stating the exact social skills that can be taught in a music program. â€Å"Five social skills were targeted for intervention: turn taking, imitation, vocalization, initiation and eye contact† (Duffy). Members of the music program also have a greater self-esteem, because they feel that they are a part of a group and are all striving for a common goal. Along with the students having a close group of friends and an increase in self-esteem, members feel a sense of belonging to the music programs, because they are a member or a part of something. This sense of belonging gives the students who are in the program a sense of pride about the things that they are doing in the program. By working hard for a common goal, and striving for excellence, memorable experiences occur because of the opportunities that the music program provides. In my time spent in the music program I have had many experiences of a lifetime, some experiences I would not have been able to be a part of if I were not an active member of the music program in my school. These experiences range from contests that were hours away, to weeklong trips to Virginia Beach, to a day at amusement parks with fellow members, to parades, to concerts, and the many hours spent practicing to be perfect. People outside of the music program usually don’t know the feeling that a band member gets when their hard work pays off and the group receives a superior rating at a contest. These are the experiences and times that students know that what they are doing means something and matter to people other than them. The music program offers so many opportunities for students to have life long memories that t hey could not get in any other class. Music programs are being cut all over the country to help school districts fit their budget, so who is out there trying to help keep music programs in schools across the nation? In fact, there are multiple organizations that are working toward a common goal: bringing music programs to schools that do not have them. These organizations range from the well-known VH1’s Save the Music, to many more not so well known music help programs such as supportmusic.com. VH1 is one of the top organizations trying to save the music. â€Å"The VH1 Save the Music Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to improve the quality of education in America’s public schools by restoring programs in cities across the country, and raising awareness about the importance of music participation for the nation’s youth†(VH1). With six years of help the VH1 Save the Music program has helped provide over $25 million dollars to many schools so that they have the money to support a music program. In their six years VH1 has put on a variety of concerts and started the â€Å"VH1 Save the Music Week† to help make the money that they donate. One of VH1’s top-rated shows is their annual â€Å"VH1’s Divas Duets,† which features some of today’s hottest music stars such as Beyonce, Lisa Marie Presley, Mary J. Blige, Whitney Houston, Celine Dion, Chaka Kahn, Jewel and Ashanti. VH1 has also teamed up with American Express to create â€Å"Blue and Save the Music,† which helps make donations to â€Å"Save the Music† when people use their American Express card. Even though VH1 Save the Music Foundation is a major part in helping out of music programs in schools, they are not the only group raising money for this cause. Another group that is fighting for the common cause of saving music programs is supportmusic.com. This was a website, which was launched by the Music Education Coalition, to be â€Å"an easy-to-use resource offering information about how parents and community members can work to ensure that music is an integral part of a quality education for all children† (Support Music). This organization is open to anyone who wants to build a case as to why music education needs to be in schools and to help fight the budget cuts that are killing the music programs. Nesoff says, â€Å"By checking a combination of boxes ranging from budget cuts to lack of facilities, advocates can target their school’s problem and create a plan for arguing their points before administrators† (Nesoff). The co-sponsor of supportmusic.com said, â€Å"Music enriches all of our lives. We know that music education increases achievement in school. Programs like supportmusic.com equip teachers wit h yet another tool as we work together to increase achievement in children† (Support Music). This shows that Support Music and VH1 give hope to our future musicians. With all of these organizations helping out the music program, why are music programs still being cut from schools across the nation? The problem, people may think, is that, even though these groups are helping certain schools bring music programs to life, there is just not enough money and support to reverse the effects of budget cuts on every school. But the problem is that there will always be schools that have money problems, and when this happens they will have to cut certain programs to decrease their costs. But, after all the good the music program provides, why cut the music program? The music program may provide more skills and standards than other classes, so why not cut some other class? It also seems like schools are adding some other class or activity to their school district adding more cost to their budget, such as industrial arts, photography, or even drafting classes. On the other hand, with the organizations helping out, schools could rely on these organizatio ns to provide a budget for the music program. This is not fair, because there is a unequal treatment of different departments in the school. Due to all the benefits of music, the music program should be treated the same as other classes. In conclusion, I believe that all schools should save the music program by keeping the class in their curriculum. The budget cuts that the school district is taking apart of is not only affecting the students of today, but future students as well. The music program also helps students greatly with their academic studies and the students have more self-discipline. Although there are organizations that are helping the music program, schools shouldn’t rely completely on these organizations. So why not save the music education in schools? Work Cited Blandford, Sonia. â€Å"Inclusion in the Community: A Study of Community Music Centres in England and Portugal, Focusing on the Development of Musical and Social Skills Within Each Centre.† Database: Academic Search Premier June 2004. Duffy, Barbara. â€Å"Role of Music Therapy in Social Skills Development in Children with Moderate Intellectual Disability.† Database: Academic Search Premier 2000. â€Å"Fun with Languages Responds to the Need for Music Education at Home and in the Classroom.† PR Newswire 11 November 2003. â€Å"Music Education May Be â€Å"Left Behind† Under New Federal Requirements.† Press Release. American Music Conference 21 August 2003. 29 March 2005. Nesoff, Elizabeth. â€Å"Sounds of Budget Ax Falling.† The Christian Science Monitor August 2003 edition. Salvestrini, Valerie. â€Å"Americans Overwhelmingly want Music Education in Schools.† Press Release. American Music Conference 21 April 2003. 29 March 2005. â€Å"Support Music† A Public Service of the Music Education Coalition. 1 April 2005. supportmusic.com â€Å"VH1 Save the Music: Who We Are.† VH1 Save the Music. 29 March 2005. vh1.com/partners/save_the_music/who_we_are/index.html Research Papers on Save the Music ProgramsStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesLifes What IfsRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Rhinotillexis on the Decline

Rhinotillexis on the Decline Rhinotillexis on the Decline Rhinotillexis on the Decline By Maeve Maddox You may be pleased to hear that rhinotillexis is on the downturn, at least in public places. This lovely term means picking ones nose with ones fingers. In an article by Jim Shahin in the February 15, 2008 issue of American Way, I learned that a Harvard study reveals that rhinotillexis is down 70% from the year before. The decline is attributed to the fact that cameras are everywhere and people are becoming more cautious about the activity for fear of showing up on YouTube and grossing out their friends. The element rhino occurs in several English words. The animal (rhinoceros) gets its name from the combination rhino nose and keras horn. People hardly ever use the entire word anymore when speaking of the animal. Certainly calling it a rhino makes forming its plural much easier. A scholarly plural of rhinoceros is rhinocerotes. Ive never heard anyone say that. A more familiar plural is rhinoceroses, but thats hard to say and it sounds comical. A television ad selling a cold product shows a rhinoceros and tells viewers that the source of the common cold is the rhinovirus. Rhino occurs in other medical terms. People dissatisfied with the noses they were born with can opt for rhinoplasty, cosmetic surgery that alters the shape of the nose. Rhinoscopy is a technique for examining the nose and throat. If you are writing in a humorous vein and wish to describe someone who has a big nose, you could use the adjective rhinocerical. Something I didnt know before researching rhino is that it has been used as a slang word for money since 1688. Could be that this use of the word has something to do with the origin of the expression paying through the nose. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?A While vs Awhileâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

The Institution Of Religion And Its Main Aims Essay

The Institution Of Religion And Its Main Aims - Essay Example The institution of religion shoulders all these human concerns by explaining the unexplainable through applying more intangible terms such as the holy trinity, the purgatory, the reincarnated soul and others. Moreover, the concepts of heaven and hell that myriad of people believes in are social control mechanisms that the church put up in order to spawn a high degree of compliance from its devotees. The latent objectives of religion were the usual departure of anti-religion philosophers such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and the most controversial of all Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Many atheists or non-believers question the accuracy and truthfulness of the most illustrious literary work produced before the advent of humanity’s incessant malevolence, the Bible. Most atheists believe that the Bible is a compiled forged testimony of people who have lived thousands of years ago. For the empirical mind, oral history is value-laden and much susceptible to manipulation hence making its correctness objectionable. Yet, many non-believers do not entirely discard the truthfulness of the Bible; instead, they are clamoring for a thorough revisiting of the past through speculations coupled with scientific methods to verify the precision of the stories narrated in the holy book. On the other hand, existentialist philosophers not merely disregard the Bible but also the existence of a Supreme Being that is the invincible creator of all. Key figures in the history of humanity’s intellectual tradition placed them in their current position as thinkers to be venerated by their controversial and eccentric ideas, particularly against one of the most influential institutions in the world, religion; it in this argument that I will establish my defiant stance against religion.

Dq-8-Terence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dq-8-Terence - Coursework Example The characteristic of believing on internet communication over traditional boardroom meetings is both beneficial and disadvantageous to the generation. For instance, another trait that this generation has is being team oriented. The ladies and gentlemen who fall in this group are always striving to be part of the taskforce in charge of doing various assigned duties. It can be argued that this trait was obtained when these people were growing up as they played in teams and everyone struggled to participate. The millennial has grown up to be a generation that supports teamwork due to this factor. Being on the internet for close to 24 hours is one way through which this group enhances teamwork. Internet communication channels create a platform where people coordinate their work despite the distances. The Y generation is also characterized with boys and girls who love being given attention so much. The individuals in this age group will always struggle to seek attention through what they say, their dress code, and how they socialize. Due to this, the millennial generation is always engaging in extra ordinary deeds so that they can be noticed by everyone around. This can be beneficial in the sense that workers from this generation can be innovative. However, it can also be the cause of many uncalculated steps being taken by people in the society just for the sake of seeking attention. Some changes maybe observed in work environments as the Y Generation enters managerial posts, some of these changes maybe positive while others maybe negative. Implementation of the positive changes on certain fields may better the organizational success. For instance, since this is an ambitious generation, the productivity of the organization is likely to be seen that is when they really push their stuff to work harder and achieve higher

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Statement of Purpose Essay This is an interactive PDF form. Please complete the requested information. When done, you may click on the Print button to create a paper copy. The printed form is to be submitted to the graduate program to which you are applying. Print Statement of Purpose (page 1) Personal History Statement (page 2) Name (as given on the graduate application) Last First Middle Term for which application filed: Proposed Graduate Program Fall year Winter year Spring year Please select program This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Statement of Purpose Please state your specific interests with respect to the program to which you are applying. The following information should be included in this statement: 1. Your intended area of specialization, career objectives, and research interests and experience. 2. A brief occupational resume if any significant period has elapsed since you were last enrolled in an academic institution. 3. Academic awards, prizes, honors, fellowships or other distinctions you have received. 4. Work experience or activities pertinent to your graduate goals. 5. If pertinent to your proposed field of study, please list your publications and any scholarly or professional organizations in which you hold membership. 11/07 1 Personal History Statement: This information must be completed by all applicants for admission and submitted with the application. Please type or print clearly. Please note that the Personal History Statement should not duplicate the Statement of Purpose (previous page). In an essay, discuss how your personal background informs your decision to pursue a graduate degree. Please include any educational, familial, cultural, economic, or social experiences, challenges, or opportunities relevant to your academic journey; how you might contribute to social or cultural diversity within your chosen field; and/or how you might serve educationally underrepresented segments of society with your degree. The information I have given above is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. Signature of Applicant Term of Application 11/07 Please print name 2.

Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory :: Cry the Beloved Country Essays

Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory Bibliography w/4 sources Cry , the Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a perfect example of post-colonial literature. South Africa is a colonized country, which is, in many ways, still living under oppression. Though no longer living under apartheid, the indigenous Africans are treated as a minority, as they were when Paton wrote the book. This novel provides the political view of the author in both subtle and evident ways. Looking at the skeleton of the novel, it is extremely evident that relationship of the colonized vs. colonizers, in this case the blacks vs. the whites, rules the plot. Every character’s race is provided and has association with his/her place in life. A black man kills a white man, therefore that black man must die. A black umfundisi lives in a valley of desolation, while a white farmer dwells above on a rich plot of land. White men are even taken to court for the simple gesture of giving a black man a ride. This is not a subtle point, the reader is i mmediately stricken by the diversities in the lives of the South Africans. The finer details of the book are what can really be looked at in terms of post-colonial theory. The fact that a native Zulu, Stephen Kumalo, is a priest of Christianity and speaks English, communicates how the colonized are living. Neither of these practices are native to his land, but they are treated by all as if they were. Small sentences are woven into the plot to further this point, such as the reoccurring European greetings. Another emphasis is on the learned customs of the people. In court when Kumalo finds that his son will be hanged, he is touched that a white man breaks the custom to help him walk outside. When the white boy raised his cap to Kumalo, he, "felt a strange pride that it should be so, and a strange humility that it should be so, and an astonishment that the small boy should not know the custom." (p. 234). The fact that this small courtesy was taken so heavily is overwhelming from a post-colonial point of view. Kumalo is so accustomed to the way of the land that he does not dare think that he deserves even this respect. Napoleon Letsisi is the character that reveals the significant political belief of the author.

Christmas Tree Essay

Cherish the joyful spirit of Christmas Festival with these heartfelt and reflective essays on Christmas! We also invite you to share your feelings and expereinces on Christmas by sending us Christmas Essays written by you. Your essay will be posted on this page along with your name!! My Usual Christmas Holiday – By Shakira AJust before the last day of school I give out presents to my teacher and a few of my friends. I always hope they like what I get them. When school is over and the Christmas holiday begins I usually go out with my parents. During the day I go to Spain; maybe to a river or sometimes we just go on a ride round. Almost everyday we go out for lunch. I always ask my parents not to tell me what they get me. Of course I no longer believe I Santa Claus. They usually buy a present for my brother to give to me, as my brother is five. What I do is have my supper and then we each go to our beds. My favourite part of the holiday is Christmas day. Last year, I went down very early but my mother always tells me to wait for the rest of the family. When they come down I open my presents and every year I like what every one gets me. At night we have a roast dinner usually chicken. During January and February My brother and I get another present from my uncle from Australia it’s usually clothing or sometimes jewellery. Two years ago I went to church on Christmas Eve and I won all the figures for the crib; there were all sorts of things. It was like the whole town of Bethlehem. Last year and this year, my father built a mountain that is about a metre wide. It starts small with bits and pieces and from there we build up. I live with my mother, father, brother and uncle and every year we have a nice Christmas. We are all happy and we get lots of gifts. My friends Kelly-Ann and Karess always get me a nice present and I always give them one too. Last year I gave Dr Ocana my teacher some figures to do a crib in class. Every year I give Christmas cards to all my friends. I love to decorate my house and last year I made a holly wreath out of a clothes hanger, some tinsel with a few decorations too. Send Your Christmas EssaysWhat Christmas Means to me – By RhondaChristmas to me is a celebration, which includes spending time with my family, decorating the entire house, inside and out, and shopping, for the people I love. Doing this with the people I love is what means the most to me. Spending Christmas with my family is very important to me. We usually gather and celebrate at my parent’s house, in East Tennessee. My husband, our three children, and myself travel from California. My two sisters, their husbands, and children come from a nearby town, for our celebration. We spend the day baking cookies, making fudge and preparing a big Christmas dinner, with all the trimmings. The children love to see each other. They spend the day playing games and sharing their new gifts and toys that Santa Claus brought for each of them. They get so eager to decorate, that it is hard to restrain them. Decorating for Christmas is so much fun. My father always draws a new background scenery, for the Nativity scene, that he displays, every year. He, my brother-in-laws and my husband start with the decorations for the outside of the house and the front yard. Every year, my parents add a little more to the outside decorations. My mom, sisters, our children and myself decorate the inside of the house. My mom has so many indoor decorations that they can not all possibly be displayed. We try to change the decorations, which we put out every year. The men finish up just about the same time as, we women and then it is time to decorate the tree together. The children love this the most. The tree is always real, and is usually six to seven feet tall. Most of the ornaments have been collected over the years and are very old. They have become real family treasures. We all have a favorite one that we each put on the tree. All the children put their First Christmas ornament on the tree, that I brought, as a gift. I am not usually a shopper, but during the Christmas season, I actually enjoy shopping. I rarely go into department stores, but during the Christmas season, I love to shop. The stores are so beautifully decorated and very festive. I can easily get carried away, with spending so much money. I must admit the thought of spending too much money hardly comes to mind. I can just picture of look on the faces, of my family and that brings me so much joy. I feel so fortunate, to have my family throughout the year, but especially, at Christmas time. When showing, my family just how much I love them and what exactly they mean to me. That is so very important to me. Christmas, for me is about being with family, loving each other and showing each other just exactly how we all feel. Send Your Christmas EssaysA Christmas Carol – By ThomasIt is hard to believe that there is anyone on the planet who is not familiar with the story of A Christmas Carol. Written in a six-week period in October and November of 1843, the novel was the first of five short Christmas books published by Charles Dickens. Obviously, it was the most successful novel in the series. In fact, he was so certain that people would like his story that he refused to sell the rights to his publisher and instead paid to publish it himself. His instincts proved correct, and soon after its publication all of the copies were sold. In his later years, Dickens would read an abridged version of A Christmas Carol at public readings for which he charged a fee. Often, that fee went to the several charitable organizations that he was involved with throughout his lifetime. The book itself was instrumental in raising people’s awareness of poverty. Since its publication, the story has been told many times in all imaginable forms. Despite the thousands of times that A Christmas Carol has been adapted to stage, radio, movies, and television, the novel remains the most popular and poignant telling of the tale. Send Your Christmas EssaysThe Night Before Christmas – by Sister St. Thomas, B. N. D. de NA more spiritual version of the famous Christmas story. T’was the night before Christmas, and all through the town, St. Joseph was searching, walking up roads and down; Our Lady was waiting, so meek and so mild, While Joseph was seeking a place for the Child. The children were nestled, each snug in their beds, The grown-ups wouldn’t bother, â€Å"There’s no room,† they said; When even the inkeeper sent them away, Joseph was wondering, where they would stay? He thought of the caves in the side of the hills, â€Å"Let’s go there,† said Mary, â€Å"it’s silent and still. † The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow, Made pathways of light for their tired feet to go; And there in a cave, in a cradle of hay, Our Saviour was born on that first Christmas Day! The Father was watching in heaven above, He sent for His angels, His couriers of love. More rapid than eagles God’s bright angels came, Rejoicing and eager as each heard his name; â€Å"Come Power, Come Cherubs, Come Virtues, Come Raphael, Come Thrones and Dominions, come Michael and Gabriel; Now fly to the Earth, where My poor people live,Announce the glad tiding My Son comes to give. † The Shepherds were watching their flocks on this night, And saw in the heavens an unearthly light. The Angels assured them, they’d nothing to fear, It’s Christmas they said, the Saviour is here! They hastened to find Him, and stood at the door, Till Mary invited them in to adore. He was swaddled in bands from His head to His feet, Ne’er did the Shepherds see a baby so sweet! He spoke not a word, but the shepherds all knew, He was telling them secrets and blessing them too; Then softly they left Him, The Babe in the hay, And rejoiced with great joy on that first Christmas Day. Mary heard them exclaim as they walked up the hill, â€Å"Glory to God in the Highest, Peace to men of good will! â€Å"Send Your Christmas EssaysThe Cross – Kenneth R. OverbergFirst, let’s return to the shadow of the cross. Because the life, death and resurrection of Jesus make up the foundation of Christianity, the Christian community has long reflected on their significance for our lives. What was the purpose of Jesus’ life? Or simply, why Jesus? The answer most frequently handed on in everyday religion emphasizes redemption. This view returns to the creation story and sees in Adam and Eve’s sin a fundamental alienation from God, a separation so profound that God must intervene to overcome it. The Incarnation, the Word becoming flesh, is considered God’s action to right this original wrong. Redemption, then, is basically understood as a â€Å"buying back. † How did this view develop? Just as we do when we face tragedy, especially innocent suffering, so the early followers of Jesus tried to make sense of his horrible death. They asked: Why? They sought insight from their Jewish practices like Temple sacrifices and from their Scriptures. Certain rites and passages (the suffering servant in Isaiah, psalms of lament, wisdom literature on the suffering righteous person) seemed to fit the terrible events at the end of Jesus’ life and so offered an answer to the why question. Understandably, these powerful images colored the entire story, including the meaning of Jesus’ birth and life. Throughout the centuries, Christian theology and piety have developed these interpretations of Jesus’ execution. At times God has even been described as demanding Jesus’ suffering and death as a means of atonement-to satisfy and appease an angry God. In many forms of theology, popular piety and religious practice, the purpose of Jesus’ life is directly linked to original sin and all human sinfulness. Without sin, there would have been no need for the Incarnation. Send Your Christmas EssaysWhat Is Christmas? by Shawneese Smith – Tulsa, OklahomaChristmas is a celebration of Jesus Christ’s birth. Some people celebrate Christmas differently, but it is all based upon the birth of Christ. Christmas is on December 25th. This is the day that Jesus is said to be born. Nobody really knows the exact date Jesus was born. Yet, in 137 AD, the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of The Christ child be celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD, another Roman Bishop named Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance day of Christmas (The Mass of Christ). People celebrate Christmas differently form one another. For example, my family celebrates Christmas by decorating our entire house. We also exchange gifts, go to church, and cook a big dinner. Even though we do all these things, we remember the â€Å"true† meaning of Christmas – To Celebrate the Birth of Jesus Christ. In conclusion, though people celebrate Christmas in different ways throughout the world, I learned to celebrate Christmas from my family and church. Send Your Christmas EssaysChristmas Day – by OrlaOn the last day of school, I always give out Christmas presents and cards to my teacher and my friends in class. We always have a party the last day of the term and we play games. When school is over we usually go down town and finish our Christmas shopping. Then we go home and have our dinner and we go to bed. The next day we go down town as it is Christmas eve and we see all the Christmas lights and there is always carol singers on the street. We sometimes meet our friends and go for coffee. At around 6 pm we go home to get tea for our dad. When he comes home we open some presents that our friends have given us. At 9 we go to mass and when we go home we get our snacks for Santa ready. The next day is Christmas day. At 9 am we get up and we go downstairs to take the goodies Santa has left for us. At 12 we go to our granny and grandads house for few hours and then we go home. At 2 some of our relations come over and we get some more presents. At 7 we go for a walk around town and when we come back and we get ready for bed. We have a drink and we go to bed. Send Your Christmas EssaysChristmas Fun » Christmas Party » Christmas Candle » Christmas Cards » Christmas Messages » Christmas Jokes » Christmas Essays » Christmas Music » Christmas Dresses » Christmas Games » Christmas Plays » Christmas Download » Merry Christmas in Different LanguagesChristmas Special » Christmas Celebrations » Christmas Decorations » Christmas Recipes » Jesus Christ » Santa Claus » Christmas Tree » Christmas Symbols » Christmas Shopping » Christmas Fun » X’mas Around the WorldSCFC FESTIVAL NETWORKHome | About us | Contact usTeej Festival | Christmas | Bhai Dooj | New Year | Lohri | Janmashtami | All Festivals | Symphony of Fire | Aalborg Carnival | White Nights FestivalMardi Gras | Burning Man | Seville Feria de Abril | Onam | Guca Trumpet Festival | Panafest | Bonn Om Tuk | Day of the DeadCopyright  © Society for the Confluence of World Festivals & Celebrations.

Disaster and Emergency Management

The Philosopher Aristotle said that â€Å"the greatest virtues are those which are most useful to other persons† and former US President John Adams also said that â€Å"if we do not lay out ourselves in the service of mankind whom should we serve? † I believe that I have lived up to the sayings of a great thinker and a leader and nothing is more rewarding than to give my life to safeguard the security of Canada and my countrymen. After my Bachelors degree in Criminology in York University, I worked as a Signal Operator in the Canadian Forces Army Reserve Toronto Communication Regiment for seven years.As a Signal Operator, I have installed and operated satellite communication systems and digitized high-frequency in order to facilitate effective emergency communications during domestic emergency operations. The job also allowed me to manage local area networks (LANs) and local distribution networks, operate cryptographic equipment, generate key material, coordinate circui t restoration in communications and information networks, plan communications services, and perform in land operations.Due to my skills and abilities, I have managed three member mobile radio detachment units in various extreme weather conditions, taught new recruits on the use of communications equipment at the Canadian Forces School of Communication and Equipment and manage the safekeeping of top secret communications equipment. In the army, I am tasked to fight as infantry and use personal weapons, reconnaissance and section level tactics when the need arise.From November 5, 2007 to present, I have been working as a Border Service Officer to safeguard the security and protection of the Canadians from people who are entering the border. I have to assure my country that these people will not threaten their lives and no prohibited goods will pass through the border. All people and goods getting into Canada must comply with Canadian laws and regulations. In a fight against terrorism, I assist in combating money laundering activities, prohibit the entry of firearms and detain people who pose as threat to my country.To safeguard the health of our people, I have to be on guard against the introduction of human, animal and plant diseases as well as the flow of narcotics and other illegal and prohibited substances. In compliance with the child abuse and protection law, I prevent the practice of child trafficking and child pornography. In August 2006, I completed my BS Criminology degree with Honours and I was placed on the Dean’s Honour Roll List as well as the Sessional AcademicAchievement list at York University.With my academic achievement, knowledge and skills, I am confident that I would make an excellent addition to the graduate program in Disaster and Emergency Management at York University. My passion for public safety and security will be enhanced when I obtain a Masters degree as I will learn to design and implement effective policies related to eme rgency response and preventative techniques for the Canadian soldiers in order to increase the protection at our borders and airports.Upon completion of the program, I will be prepared to occupy the senior management level position and write new policies, procedures and regulations as well as updating existing ones. I will also be deployed to Afghanistan and several overseas missions throughout my career. The knowledge and skills that I will gain will be used to aid Canadian soldiers, NATO allies and UN personnel who are affected by natural disasters and acts of terrorism. The 911 incidence awakened my passion to be totally committed in safeguarding Canada and protecting the lives of my countrymen.The potential threat to our security has increased tremendously after 911. Something has to be done and I believe that I have a role and a mission in protecting the interest of the Canadians. The birth of the Masters in Disaster and Emergency Management program at York University is the to ol that will help me become professional in this field. The battle cry for a secured and peaceful Canada can never be ignored and nothing can stop me from reaching my goals. References: HeartQuotes (2007).   â€Å"HeartQuotes: Quotes of the Heart†. Retrieved from http://www.heartquotes.net/Service.html on December 19, 2007. Thinkexist.com Quotation.   â€Å"John Adams quotes† Retrieved from http://thinkexist.com/quotes/john_adams/   on December 19, 2007.

Australian Social and cultural change essays

Australian Social and cultural change essays Since 1901 Australia has witnessed a lot of social and cultural changes, after all a lot can happen in one hundred years. The more advanced technology, the working conditions, and family lifestyle are some of the different features, which have influenced these changes. The most obvious change is the more advanced technology. This has hinder and helped in many areas such as transport, communication, and health. One hundred years ago, receiving information was slow, getting place to place was time consuming and living daily life was plain hard work. With no air travel, ships the only way of going overseas, sixty cars existing and the main way of transport been by horse drawn carriages, you could imagine the slow pace of the everything in 1901. Now in 2001 there are about 11,737,900 cars, air travel is at its best, and travelling by horses is basically non exsistinant. This has helped in many ways, such as, with over seas ties, which was once was hard because of Australians geographical position. Because of air travel we get more tourists into Australia and as a result we receive a higher profit every year. Another major way in which technology has helped is in communication. One hundred years ago the way to communicate with friends and family was to post a letter or to send a telegraph message. This could take weeks or even months to receive because of the transport systems being so slow. They depended on horse drawn coaches and cars, which were in their early development stages. Also with the absence of air transport they depended on ships. Now our information can be delivered almost instantaneous with the use of the telephone, fax machines, mobile phones, use of media, Internet services and the use of air travel. Computers have help communication a great deal. With the use of computers and the Internet we are now able to write to people on the other side of the world and that person could receive at the press of a button. The n ...

7 Famous Quotes From American Writer Jack London

7 Famous Quotes From American Writer Jack London Jack London was an American writer, famous for The Call of the Wild, Sea Wolf, Before Adam, Iron Heel, and many other works. Many of his novels were based on his real-life experiences as an adventurer and sailor. Here Are a Few Quotes From Jack London I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.- Jack LondonPictures! Pictures! Pictures! Often, before I learned, did I wonder whence came the multitudes of pictures that thronged my dreams; for they were pictures the like of which I had never seen in real wake-a-day life. They tormented my childhood, making of my dreams a procession of nightmares and a little later convincing me that I was different from my kind, a creature unnatural and accursed.- Jack London, Before AdamThe soft summer wind stirs the redwoods, and Wild-Water ripples sweet cadences over its mossy stones. There are butterflies in the sunshine, and from everywhere arises the drowsy hum of bees. It is so quiet and peaceful, and I sit here, and ponder, and am restless. It is the quiet that makes me restless. It seems unreal. All the world is quiet, but it is the quiet before the storm. I strain my ears, and all my senses, for some betrayal of that impending storm. Oh, that it may not be premature! That it may not be premature!- Jack London, Iron Heel The one opened the door with a latch-key and went in, followed by a young fellow who awkwardly removed his cap. He wore rough clothes that smacked of the sea, and he was manifestly out of place in the spacious hall in which he found himself. He did not know what to do with his cap, and was stuffing it into his coat pocket when the other took it from him. The act was done quietly and naturally, and the awkward young fellow appreciated it. He understands, was his thought. Hell see me through all right.- Jack London, Martin EdenBuck did not read the newspapers, or he would have known that trouble was brewing, not alone for himself, but for every tidewater dog, strong of muscle and with warm, long hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had found a yellow metal, and because steamship and transportation companies were booming the find, thousands of men were rushing into the Northland. These men wanted dogs, and the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs , with strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to protect them from the frost.- Jack London, The Call of the Wild All my life I have had an awareness of other times and places. I have been aware of other persons in me. Oh, and trust me, so have you, my reader that is to be. Read back into your childhood, and this sense of awareness I speak of will be remembered as an experience of childhood. You were then not fixed, not crystallized. You were plastic, a soul in flux, a consciousness and an identity in the process of formingay, of forming and forgetting.- Jack London, The Star RoverDark spruce forest frowned on either side the frozen waterway. The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost, and they seemed to lean toward each other, black and ominous, in the fading light. A vast silence reigned over the land.- Jack London, White Fang

Ethical dilemma essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical dilemma - Essay Example Besides, if we pushed the deadline back, we would run the risk of the client withdrawing from the case because his extremely busy schedule might prevent him from attending to the extra paperwork that would be required if the document was to be notarized. I went home that night and thought it over. I knew that since I had my supervisor’s approval, I wouldn’t be held accountable if anything went wrong. However, I believe that as a financial advisor, I had the fiduciary responsibility to ensure that the clients are aware of all aspects of the investments. Also, in order for me to provide my best services, I always try to imagine myself in the situation that my client is in. I knew that if I were the client, I would be extremely disappointed if I found out that my financial services provider treated me as just â€Å"another filed folder† rather than a valued client who deserved the best service possible. The following day, I asked my supervisor to assign the project to me so that I could amend the complication before the deadline. Though unwillingly, my supervisor agreed. I immediately contacted the client, briefed him about the situation, and apologized that due to the prevailing circumstances, we might not be able to make the deadline that he originally set for us.

Law and Business Ethics and Social Resonsibility Research Paper

Law and Business Ethics and Social Resonsibility - Research Paper Example The actions of insurance companies and drug producers are clearly unethical and they are even being socially irresponsible. This is because they are operating against distributive justice system. According to distributive justice system, the awards and the costs should be distributed in a fair manner. This means that those who care bare the higher cost should bare it and those who are in need of rewards should be rewarded. The insurance companies should share the cost of medical treatment with customers by decreasing their profit margins and premiums in order to share the margins. The way the drug companies and insurance companies are operating is unethical because these companies are operating against the utilitarian approach of ethics. This approach asserts that decisions that provide the highest number of awards and lowest quantity of cost to the society should be given precedence over those decisions that provide lower amount of benefits and higher amount of costs. Due to the mal practice of insurance and drug companies, the society is experiencing higher cost. KOWALEWSKI, A. J. (2011, November 3). Less Than $26 Billion? Dont Bother. - NYTimes.com. Opinion - Opinionator - NYTimes.com. Retrieved March 9, 2013, from

Internet Auctions in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Internet Auctions in China - Essay Example Though E-commerce is thus still in infant stage in China there has been a continuous growth in the business. "Already, some 6 million people a day shop on the internet in China. The vast majority are young people living in large cities. There are now 43 million registered online shoppers, and their purchases may total US$6.4 billion in 2007, a year-on-year leap of more than 60 percent" (Daniel 2007) China Center for Information Industry Development Consulting (CCID Consulting) has presented a report which estimates the total online transactions of China at US $ 14 billion amounting to a growth of 51 percent over the 2005 year volume of business. The report also indicates that about 99 percent of the business undertakings of China belong to Small and Medium sector and out of these only 3 percent deal through internet. This is the kind of volume of business and market EBay and Taobao are contesting to share. With this background this paper envisages presenting a detailed report on the functionalities of EBay and Taobao being the major competitors in the ecommerce business in China. The paper also analyses the differences between such functions and the qualities of services being provided by both the contenders. When alternative choices exist the customers would obviously prefer one over the other. In this case also the paper analyses the reasons for the preference of Taobao than the EBay. 2.0 Evolution of Online Business in China: Although online business is in existence in China even from the year 1998, its growth was rather sluggish. This was mainly due to the lack of trust among the purchasers and sellers and the absence of an effective payment settlement system. It has been the tradition of China that the buyer before completing the online transaction would like to meet the seller, check the quality of the product, pay the money in hard cash and take delivery of the products. Ironically enough the outbreak of SARS in China had discouraged people going out of their homes and meet strangers. This has reduced the chances of the buyers meeting the sellers and thus SARS had removed the Trust barrier in the online business. Normally eBay was handling the US and European markets which were highly developed and were nearing the saturation point. EBay even persuaded corporate customers to off load their excess inventories in their website. However the situation in China when EBay entered was totally unregulated wit h the buyers and sellers consisting of individuals with lack of trust on each other. With the passage of time the online business developed very well with the sellers finding it interesting to offer their products to the foreign buyers as they see it as an opportunity to increase their profitability. The modus operandi is to buy the cheaper products from large local factories, use marketing techniques like AdWords Google or other search engines and get the products listed in the EBay to sell

Personality traits Emotional Labor

Personality traits Emotional Labor Emotions are a natural part of an individuals makeup and their management is a routine task. Emotions are best judged in the workplace which is considered as the rational environment for individuals (A. Grandy, 2000). In past emotions were totally ignored as a study of behavior (Arvey, Renz, Watson, 1998; Putnam Mumby, 1993). Research findings have proved that management of workplace emotions are a good predictor of individual as well as organizational outcomes. But the gap lies how organization and personal characteristics are related to managing emotions. One of the terms used for managing fake emotions at job for a particular amount is termed as emotional labor (Hochschild, 1983). The focus of the present article is to find an exact relationship between individual characteristics (personality and the need for achievement) with emotional labor. Grandey (2000) has defined emotional labor as the process of regulating both feelings and expressions for organizational goals (p. 97). In lay man term it is basically defined as artificial or displayed emotions that employee may not privately feel (Ekman Friesen, 1975; Goffman, 1959; Hochschild, 1983; James 1989). Qualitative research shows that all employees find their true feelings do not always conform to their roles (Ashforth Toumiuk, 2000). As feelings do not erupt spontaneously or automatically employees modify their display of emotions either by deep acting or by surface acting (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993; Hochschild, 1979, 2003). Both deep acting and surface acting represent different intentions. When engaged in deep acting, an actor attempts to modify feelings to match the required display rules whereas in surface acting employees modify their displays without shaping inner feelings (Ashforth Humprey, 1993; Hochschild, 2003). Increased competition between service providers has forced organizations to give attention to quality of service, which is directly proportional to employee interaction with customers (Bowen Schneider, 1988). For example an air hostess has to greet with smile each and every passenger on board in order to provide quality customer service regardless of her bad mood, family problems, responsibilities etc. Research findings have proved certain antecedents of emotional labor (surface acting deep acting) which are Social Factors; Hochschild (1979) argued that individuals may learn to feel according to the situation cues. Secondly Occupational Factors; the display of positive emotions is required in many service occupations, including restaurant workers and flight attendants. Funeral directors in contrast are required to display negative emotions (i.e. sadness). Some job requires display of neutrality i.e. those of the judges (Rafaeli Sutton, 1987). Finally Organizational Factors; The service employees represent the organization to the public. Therefore organizations have vested interest being managed well by the service employee. Thus, organizations increasingly offer display rules for the employees. Several researches state that individuals regulate their emotions according to situations in which they are able to create emotion ((Freud, 1936/1961; Frijda, 1986). This regulation of emotions mainly results in job burnout, stress, dissatisfaction and other negative job outcomes as proposed by Hochschild (1983) and others. But these outcomes and emotion regulation are somewhat subjected to different personality traits which is not studied in past. The current study extends the research in two ways. First we examine one of the most critical variables i.e. personality dimensions to see how extraverted, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neurotic (Costa McRae, 1992; Goldberg, 1992) individuals will regulate their emotions in a certain situation, whether they tend to behave as a deep actor or surface actor. Secondly we will see how need for achievement which is the need of an individual to accomplish significant task, will define persons display of emotions at job. Literature Review Understanding the concept of emotional labor is very important as it might affect the employees in certain ways which can either be useful or useless. As the research has already proven that the emotional labor excites pressures for the person to recognize with their service roles (Black E. Ashforth; Ronald H.humphery, 1993). Emotional labor is an invisible mask that the employees have to wear as the job requirement. But this display of emotions is totally dependant on the personality of the employees. Personality is defined as a mix of persons psychological as well as biological traits that makes him unique from others and persists over a certain period of time (Phares, 1991: 4). Each personality trait has its own depth and significance some of them are determined by birth and some are determined by situational factors ( Cattell, 1950). Emotional labor is basically related to the situational side of personality. Five broad dimensions of personality have been identified by analyzing, observing, seeking responses from thousands of people. These five factors are independent variables, and are studied with many other factors such as job performance, org commitment, job burnout, positive negative affectivity (Costa McCrae 1980), job stress, emotional intelligence, emotional expressions, self efficacy, self esteem and many more. Dimensions include; Neuroticism which is basically how much a person has control over his/her emotions? It can be high or low. People with low levels of neuroticism are confident, secure and calm which indicate emotional stability whereas high levels of neuroticism increase the probability of occurring negative emotions like stress, burnout, dissatisfaction etc. Persons with high levels of neuroticism are reactive and more easily troubled by stimuli in their environment. They are prone to moodiness. Persons having strong control over emotions on the other hand need strong stimuli to be aggravated (Howard Howard, 1995). Person with high neu roticism are not at all psychologically defected. A more proper term could be negative affectivity or nervousness (McCrae John, 1992). Extraversion, extraverts tend to be more physically and verbally active. They are gregarious, outgoing, assertive and high spirited. As they have excellent social skills they are best at jobs which require interaction. In contrast introverts may be described as quiet, reserved, shy and unsociable ( Costa McCrae, 1992: 49). Openness to experience is a measure of how much a person is creative and thinks out of the box. People with a high openness to experience have broad interests, are liberal, curious and are artistically sensitive whereas people with low openness to experience are predictable, conservative and prefer familiarity (Howard Howard, 1995). The agreeableness scale is linked to compassionate, self-sacrifice, trust, eager to cooperate, caring versus competitiveness, aggression, indifference, self-centeredness, unkindness and envy (Howard Howard, 1995). People who rate high on agreeableness are more compliant, rule abiding and interpersonally strong and are best fitted at jobs which require interaction for e.g. customer service. So their relation with emotions seems to be positive due to their social skills. Conscientiousness determines goal-directed actions and amount of control over desires. The more conscientious a person is the more responsive, well organized, dependable and persistent he is (Costa McCrae, 1992: 49), they have high standards and always strive hard to achieve goals. The personality traits which are not included in the above model may also serve as the basis for investigation of their relation with emotional labor for example in the present article we have taken; apart from the big five model a personality trait called the need for achievement. This is defined as the drive to excel, and strive to succeed. People who rate high on this need are more likely to set high challenging goals and as they are personally responsible so they are not good at managerial jobs instead entrepreneurial activities suit them the most. So regulation of emotions seems a difficult task for these people because they dont rely on others and does what they think is perfect. Figure: Theoretical framework conceptualizing personality traits with emotional labor. Deep Acting (felt expressions): Two of the dimensions of big five model, extraversion neuroticism are consistently linked with emotions and are expected to be positively related with felt expressions. Extraversion is related to positive affectivity which influences positive moods and more rewarding interpersonal relationships due to their strong social skills. In contrast neuroticism is totally opposite which is related to negative affectivity which influences negative moods and pessimistic approach. Costa McCrae (1980) found that extraversion relates to pleasant affect and neuroticism relates to unpleasant affect. Several studies support the relation between extraversion and neuroticism with emotions and different mood states. First, extraverts and neurotics have been found to react differently to a similar stimulus (Grey 1981), for example an extravert will behave positive when exposed to a stimuli due to positive affectivity whereas a neurotic person will develop negative behavi or when exposed to the similar stimuli due to its negative affectivity. Secondly extravert and neurotic persons have different affective experiences when encounter a certain situation. Now this theoretical link between emotional state and the two FFM personality dimensions predict that there might be a relation of these traits with deep acting (felt expressions). Hypothesis 1: Extraversion will be positively related to expressing felt emotions. Hypothesis 2: Neuroticism will be positively related to expressing felt emotions. Surface acting (fake emotions) Previous studies have found relation of displayed emotions with four of the personality dimensions; extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness (Tews Glomb 2003). Extraversion is said to have relation with display of positive fake emotions as they are inclined to positive emotions. Here extraverts are likely to display fake positive emotions for e.g. happiness because they do not need to, as they are by nature positive people and are very optimistic about things, situations, events etc. On the other hand extraverts are good self monitors and can adjust themselves according to the situation; due to their social skills they can easily display positive fake emotions. Similarly if an extravert is not feeling positive they will outwardly display positive emotions to others by suppressing their negative emotions. Hypothesis 3: Extraversion is positively related to expressing fake emotions. Now if we link neuroticism to expressing positive emotions we know that people who rate high on neuroticism experience negative emotions like stress, burnout, depression, anxiety and are more likely to display fake positive emotions in the workplace by suppressing their negative emotions. This is due to the reason that they want to compensate their inner negative feelings and want to be acceptable in front of others. Hypothesis 4: Neuroticism is positively related to expressing fake emotions. Conscientious individuals are very goal oriented, responsible and are high achievers. Once they are hired, conscientious people not only tend to perform well, but they also have higher levels of motivation to perform, lower levels of turnover, lower levels of absenteeism, and higher levels of safety performance at work. So we can say they are more likely to display positive fake emotions in order to fulfill their job responsibilities. Hypothesis 5: Conscientiousness is positively related to expressing fake emotions. But on the other hand it can be negatively related to expressing fake emotions because of the fact that a conscientious person is believed to possess qualities that reflect dependability (e.g., thorough, careful, organized, responsible) as well as volitional constructs such as need for achievement (Barrick Mount, 1991; Hough, 1992, Moon 2001). Non dependable persons make decisions on their own and they are more than happy to live by the desires of themselves not others. They have no difficulty expressing disagreement with others. They dont fear of those around them not accepting or approving of them. They are not at all sensitive to disapproval so they dont behave in a way others want them to (Olvera 2007). So we can say they are negatively related to expressing fake emotions. Hypothesis 6: Conscientiousness is negatively related to expressing fake emotions. Agreeableness is strongly related to expressing fake emotions as they are very good natured, helpful, and cooperative with others and for this they might put on a good face while making interactions with others. Secondly these individuals hardly retaliate when someone treat them unfairly so they might suppress their negative emotion at that time and express fake emotions to avoid conflict. Thirdly as these people are very nice, tolerant, sensitive, trustworthy, kind and warm they are liked by everyone and to maintain this impression they try to be as good with others as they can with the help of artificial display of emotions. Hypothesis 7: Agreeableness will be positively related to expressing fake positive Emotions. Openness to experience reflects persons curiousity, originality, intellect, creativity, and flexibility. McCrae Costa (1991) argued that these individuals have a very broader and deeper scope of awareness and they need to experience new things and ideas. They are not related to any kind of facial expression and any social interaction so no relationship is maintained between openness to experience individuals and emotional labor. Need for Achievement is the desire to do well at something. It is motivated by a want to achieve success, mastery, and fulfillment. People whose need for achievement is high know what they want and reject things which distract them from their goals. They do what needs to be done even when they dont want to so this means if they want to achieve something they can display positive fake emotions in order to excel. These people are highly emotionally stable, they have full control over their emotions and can regulate them where required. So whatever the situation may be they are likely to manage it and strive for success. Lastly they know and understand the principle of communication so they are very strong at communicating and articulating their thoughts in many ways and presenting them to others. And wherever social skills are strong means a no of relationships with others are involved which some way or the other requires an artificial display of emotions. Hypothesis 8: Need for achievement is positively related to expressing fake emotions.